David Molnar

"Theory Plus Practice in Computer Security : Radio Frequency Identification and Whitebox Fuzzing"

(Institutkolloguium am Max Planck Institut für Software-Systeme)

I will describe two areas in computer security that demonstrate the wide range of techniques, from both theory and practice, we need to make impact. First, I treat privacy and security in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). RFID refers to a range of technologies where a small device with an antenna, or "tag" is attached to an item and can be queried later wirelessly by a reader. While proponents of RFID promise security and efficiency benefits, the technology also raises serious security concerns. I will describe my work on practical security analysis of RFID in library books and the United States e-passport deployments. These deployments in turn uncover a new theoretical problem, that of "scalable private authentication." I will describe the first solution to this problem that scales sub-linearly in the number of RFID tags.

Second, I describe recent work in "whitebox fuzz testing," a new approach to finding security bugs. Security bugs cost millions of dollars to patch after the fact, so we want to find and fix them as early in the deployment cycle as possible. I review previous fuzz testing work, how fuzzing has been responsible for serious security bugs, and classic fuzz testing's inability to deal with "unlikely" code paths. I then show how marrying the idea of dynamic test generation with fuzz testing overcomes these shortcomings, but raises significant scaling problems. Two recent tools, SAGE at Microsoft Research, and SmartFuzz at Berkeley, overcome these scaling problems; I present results on the effectiveness of these tools on commodity Windows and Linux media playing software. Finally, I close with directions for leveraging cloud computing to improve developers' testing and debugging experience.

The talk describes joint work with Ari Juels and David Wagner (RFID), and with Patrice Godefroid, Michael Y. Levin, and Xue Cong Li and David Wagner (Whitebox Fuzzing).